[sunting] Arti istilah catur
Kata catur diambil dari bahasa Sanskerta yang berarti "empat". Namun kata ini sebenarnya merupakan singkatan dari caturangga yang berarti empat sudut. Di India kuno permainan catur memang dimainkan oleh empat peserta yang berada di empat sudut yang berbeda. Hal ini lain dari permain catur modern di mana pesertanya hanya dua orang saja.Kemudian kata caturangga ini diserap dalam bahasa Persia menjadi shatranj. Kata chess dalam bahasa Inggris diambil dari bahasa Persia shah.
[sunting] Ketentuan
[sunting] Pengaturan
Permainan dilangsungkan di atas papan yang terdiri dari 8 lajur dan 8 baris kotak/petak berwarna hitam dan putih (atau terang dan gelap) secara berselang seling. Permainan dimulai dengan 16 buah pada masing-masing pihak, yang disusun berbaris secara khusus pada masing-masing sisi papan catur secara berhadap-hadapan. Satu buah hanya bisa menempati satu petak. Pada bagian terdepan masing-masing barisan - terdapat 8 pion, diikuti di belakangnya dua benteng, dua kuda (dalam bahasa Inggris disebut knight-ksatria), dua gajah (dalam bahasa Inggris disebut bishop-uskup), satu menteri atau ratu atau ster, serta satu raja.[sunting] Gerakan
Sebelum bertanding, pecatur memilih warna buah yang akan ia mainkan. Pemegang buah putih memulai langkah pertama, yang selanjutnya diikuti oleh pemegang buah hitam secara bergantian. Setiap langkah hanya boleh menggerakkan satu bidak saja (kecuali untuk rokade di mana ada dua bidak yang digerakkan). Bidak dipindahkan ke petak kosong, ataupun yang ditempati oleh bidak lawan, yang berarti menangkapnya dan memindahkan bidak lawan dari permainan. Ada pengecualian, yaitu untuk gerakan en passant.Setiap bidak catur memiliki gerakan yang unik sebagai berikut:
- Raja dapat bergerak satu petak ke segala arah. Raja juga memiliki gerakan khusus yang disebut rokade yang turut melibatkan sebuah benteng.
- Benteng dapat bergerak sepanjang petak horizontal maupun vertikal, tetapi tidak dapat melompati bidak lain. Seperti yang telah di atas, benteng terlibat dalam gerakan rokade.
- Gajah dapat bergerak sepanjang petak secara diagonal, tetapi tidak dapat melompati bidak lain.
- Ratu memiliki gerakan kombinasi dari Benteng dan Gajah.
- Kuda memiliki gerakan mirip huruf L, yaitu memanjang dua petak dan melebar satu petak. Kudalah satu-satunya bidak yang dapat melompati bidak-bidak lain.
- Pion dapat bergerak maju (arah lawan) satu petak ke petak yang tidak ditempati. Pada gerakan awal, pion dapat bergerak maju dua petak. Pion juga dapat menangkap bidak lawan secara diagonal, apabila bidak lawan tersebut berada satu petak di diagonal depannya. Pion memiliki dua gerakah khusus, yaitu gerakan menangkap en passant dan promosi.
Rokade
- Bidak Raja dan Benteng yang akan dilibatkan dalam rokade harus belum pernah bergerak
- Tidak ada bidak lain di antara Raja dan Benteng
- Raja tidak sedang di-skak, dan petak-petak yang dilalui Raja tidak sedang diserang oleh bidak lawan
- Bidak benteng yang terlibat rokade sedang diserang
- Jika benteng yang dilibatkan berada di sisi Ratu, petak yang berada persis di samping Benteng tersebut tidak boleh dalam serangan
En passant
Promosi
Ketika pion telah maju hingga menempati baris paling akhir, berbarengan dengan gerakan maju tersebut, pion dipromosikan dan harus ditukar dengan bidak berdasarkan keinginan pemain, yaitu Ratu, Benteng, Gajah, ataupun Kuda dengan warna yang sama. Pada umumnya, pion dipromosikan menjadi Ratu. Tidak ada peraturan yang membatasi bidak yang dipilih sebagai promosi, jadi dimungkinkan memiliki bidak yang melebihi jumlahnya waktu awal permainan (semisal, dua Ratu).Skak
Ketika Raja sedang diserang oleh satu atau lebih bidak lawan, keadaan ini disebut dengan skak. Pemain yang Rajanya diskak harus menggerakkan Rajanya supaya tidak terserang. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan menangkap bidak lawan yang menyerang, menutup serangan lawan dengan menempatkan sebuah bidak di antaranya (apabila yang menyerang Ratu, Benteng, atau Gajah dan ada petak kosong di antara Raja dan bidak lawan), atau memindahkan Raja ke petak yang tidak sedang diserang. Rokade tidak diijinkan apabila Raja sedang diskak.Akhir Permainan
Tujuan permainan adalah mencapai posisi skak mat. Hal ini bisa terjadi bila Raja terancam dan tidak bisa menyelamatkan diri ke petak lain. Tidak selalu permainan berakhir dengan kekalahan, karena bisa terjadi pula peristiwa seri atau remis di mana kedua belah pihak tidak mampu lagi meneruskan pertandingan karena tidak bisa mencapai skak mat. Peristiwa remis ini bisa terjadi berdasarkan kesepakatan maupun tidak. Salah satu contoh remis yang tidak berdasarkan kesepakatan - tetapi terjadi adalah pada keadaan remis abadi. Keadaan remis yang lain adalah keadaan pat, dimana yang giliran melangkah tidak bisa melangkahkan buah apapun termasuk Raja, tetapi tidak dalam keadaan terancam skak. Dalam pertandingan catur pihak yang menang biasanya mendapatkan nilai 1, yang kalah 0, sedang draw 0.5.-
Raja -
Ratu/Menteri -
Gajah -
Kuda -
Benteng -
Pion/Bidak
Berbagai versi
Terdapat berbagai macam versi permainan Catur - Catur Klasik, Catur Cepat, Catur Kilat, Catur Buta, Catur Simultan, Catur Tandem, Catur Estafet, Catur Online, Catur Korespondensi, Catur Kartu,Catur Jawa dan ada juga Catur Karo (Suku karo SUMUT)... dimana gerakan beberapa buah catur berbeda dengan Gerakan Catur KonvensionalJuara
Seorang pecatur yang telah memenangi berbagai turnamen berhak mendapatkan gelar catur yang sesuai dengan prestasinya. Dalam dunia catur terdapat beberapa macam gelar - Gelar Internasional yaitu Grandmaster (GM), Grandmaster Wanita (GMW), Master Internasional (MI), Master Internasional Wanita (MIW), Master FIDE (MF), Master FIDE Wanita (MFW), Candidate Master (CM) dan Woman Candidate Master Wanita (WCM). Gelar Internasonal dikeluarkan oleh FIDE (Organisasi Catur Dunia). Dan di Indonesia juga dikenal gelar lokal yaitu Master Nasional (MN), Master Nasional Wanita (MNW), Master Percasi (MP) dan Master Percasi Wanita (MPW). Gelar nasional dikeluarkan oleh PERCASI (Persatuan Catur Seluruh Indonesia).Daftar pecatur
Indonesia saat ini sudah mempunyai 7 pecatur yang bergelar Grandmaster (GM) yaitu :- Utut Adianto
- Edhi Handoko (Almarhum)
- Cerdas Barus
- Ruben Gunawan (Almarhum)
- Ardiansyah
- Susanto Megaranto (Grandmaster termuda)
- Herman Suradiradja (Grandmaster pertama)
- Danny Juswanto (Norma GM)
- Dede Liu
- Nasib Ginting
- Salor Sitanggang
- Ivan Situru
- Irwanto Sadikin
- Ir. Tirto (Norma GM)
- Taufik Halay
- Ronny Gunawan (Norma GM)
- Andi Supardi Suhendra
- Tirta Chandra Purnama
- Bobby Kurniawan
Yang bergelar Master FIDE (MF) saat ini antara lain :
- Hamdani Rudin
- Awam Wahono
- Anjas Novita
- Nurdin Askali
- Kifli Tunasli
- Syarif Mahmud
- Kasmiran
- Benny Killeng
- Maksum Firdaus
- Khairul Anam
Yang bergelar Master Internasional Wanita (MIW) saat ini antara lain :
- Upi Darmayana Tamin
- Lindri Juni Wijayanti
- Lisa Karlina Lumongdong
- Maria Ratna Lucia (tidak aktif)
Catur diatur secara internasional oleh organisasi bernama FIDE.
Rating catur
Setiap pemain catur mempunyai nilai/skor yang bernama rating catur. Rating catur ini adalah angka yang menggambarkan kekuatan seorang pecatur. Semakin tinggi ratingnya, pemain ini cenderung semakin kuat. Daripada gelar, rating lebih efektif menggambarkan kekuatan seorang pecatur. Rating ini didapat dari kemenangan-kemenangan pecatur dalam pertandingan resmi. Bila seorang pecatur menang dengan pecatur yang lebih kuat, dia mendapatkan rating yang lebih banyak. Jika dia kalah, ratingnya akan dikurangi sesuai rumus yang ada. FIDE mengeluarkan daftar rating yang bernama ELO Rating untuk pecatur internasional setiap 2 bulan sekali. Sedang PERCASI mengeluarkan Daftar Rating Nasional (DRN) setiap 6 bulan sekali (setiap tanggal 1 Januari dan 1 Juli).ELO Rating Tertinggi Dunia masih dipegang GM Gary Kasparov (Rusia) 2841. Saat ini Kasparov telah mengundurkan diri dari dunia catur. Yang bertengger di peringkat 1 dari daftar FIDE saat ini adalah GM Magnus Carlsen (Norwegia) 2813. Disusul GM Veselin Topalov (Bulgaria) 2812 di peringkat kedua.
Sedang pecatur Indonesia yang tertinggi ELO Ratingnya saat ini adalah GM Utut Adianto (2548) dan kedua GM Susanto Megaranto (2527).
Translate:
Chess is a mental game played by two people. Chess is a person who plays chess, both in game one on one and one against a lot of people (in informal circumstances). Before the match, chess player will choose the seed that he played chess. There are two colors that distinguish chess pawn or seed, namely black and white. Holders of the white pieces to start the first step, which in turn followed by black fruit holder by turns until the game is finished.
[Edit] Meaning of chess terms
The word chess is taken from Sanskrit which means "four". But this word is actually an abbreviation of the chessboard, which means the four corners. In the ancient Indian game of chess is played by the four participants who are in four different angles. This is another of the modern chess game in which participants only two people only.
Then said the chessboard is absorbed in the Persian language became Shatranj. The word chess in English taken from Persian shah.[Edit] Provisions
Chess board with chess pawns 32[Edit] Settings
The game took place on the board which consists of 8 rows and 8 rows box / row are black and white (or light and dark) is Intermittent. The game begins with 16 pieces on each side, which was composed specifically lined on each side of the chess board is face to face. One can only occupy a single plot. At the leading edge of each line - there are 8 pawns, followed behind the two forts, two horses (in English called knight-warrior), two elephants (in English called the bishop-bishop), a minister or a queen or queen, as well as one king.[Edit] Movement
Before the match, chess player will choose the color of the fruit which he played. Holders of the white pieces to start the first step, which in turn followed by black fruit holder in turn. Every step may only move a pawn only (except for the castled where there are two pieces are moved). Pawn moved to vacant, or occupied by the opponent's pawn, which means catch and move the opponent's pawns of the game. There are exceptions, namely to move en passant.
Each chess piece has a unique motion as follows:
The king can move one row in any direction. King also has a special move called the castled that also involves a fortress.
The fort can move along the plot horizontally or vertically, but can not jump over other pieces. As has been at the top, castle castled involved in the movement.
Elephants can move along a diagonal swath, but can not jump over other pieces.
Queen has a combined movement of the Citadel and the Elephant.
The horse has a similar movement letter L, which extends the two plots and one plot wide. Kudalah the only pieces that can jump over other pieces.
Pawn can move forward (toward opponent) one plot to the plot which is not occupied. At the beginning of the movement, a pawn can move forward two plots. Also can capture the pawn pawn diagonally opposite, if the opponent's pawn is located a diagonal swath in front of him. Pion has two special gerakah, namely motion capture en passant and promotion.
Castled
Examples castled
Castled (in English, castling) is a special move in chess where the King moves two plots to the Citadel in the first row, then put the fort in the last swath through the King. Castled requirements are as follows:
The king and the pawn fortress will be involved in the castled should have never moved
There are no other pieces between the King and Castle
King was not in-skak, and plots through which the King is not being attacked by opponent pawns
The following matters are misunderstandings in the castled, which should not apply:
Involved castled pawn fortress is under attack
If the fort is involved is on the Queen, the plot is located just next to the Citadel are not allowed in the attack
En passant
Examples of pawn movement: promotions (left) and en passant (right)
When a pawn moves forward two plots and there is a pawn of the opponent who was a plot in a row the goal, then the opponent's pawn can capture and occupy a plot which had just passed pawn (the pawn as if it moves a plot forward). However, this movement can only be done shortly after the move a pawn forward two squares, or the right opponent to make a move en passant is lost.Promotion
When a pawn has advanced to occupy the last line, together with forward movement, the pawn promoted and should be exchanged with the pawn on the desires of the player, the Queen, Fort, Elephant, Horse, or the same color. In general, a pawn promoted to queen. There are no regulations restricting selected as promotional pieces, so it is possible to have pieces that exceed the amount of time early in the game (eg, two Queen).Skak
When the king is being attacked by one or more opponent's pawn, a situation known as a check. Players who have to move the King King diskak so as not affected. This can be done by capturing the opponent's pawn is attacked, close the opponent's attack by placing a pawn of them (if that attack the Queen, the Citadel, or the Elephant and there is a vacant plot between the king and the pawn of the opponent), or move the king to hide and that is not being was attacked. Castled King is not permitted if diskak.End Game
The game objective is to achieve a position of checkmate. This could happen if the King is threatened and no way to escape to another plot. Not always the game ended in defeat, because it could happen anyway, or mussels in a series of events where both parties could no longer continue the game because they can not achieve checkmate. These mussels events can occur by agreement or not. One example of mussels that are not based on an agreement - but there is the eternal state of mussels. Mussels the other state is a state could, where the shift step can not step up any fruit including the King, but not in a state endangered check. In a chess match winning side usually get a value of 1, the loser 0, 0.5 is the draw.
King
Queen / Minister
Elephant
Horse
Fort
Pion / Pawns
Various versions of
There are various versions of the game Chess - Chess Classics, Quick Chess, Chess Express, Chess Blind, Simultaneous Chess, Tandem Chess, Relay Chess, Online Chess, Chess Contact, Cards Chess, Chess Java and there's also Chess Karo (tribe karo SUMUT). .. where the movement of several different chess pieces with Conventional Chess MovementChampion
A chess player who has won many chess tournaments are entitled to a degree appropriate to his achievement. In the world of chess there is some kind of title - title of International Grandmaster (GM), Grandmaster Women (GMW), Master's International (MI), Master of International Women (MIW), FIDE Master (MF), Master of the FIDE Women (MFW), Candidate Master (CM) and the Woman Woman Candidate Master (WCM). Issued by the international title of FIDE (World Chess Organization). And in Indonesia, also known locally ie National Master's degree (MN), the National Woman Master (MNW), Master Percasi (MP) and Master Percasi Women (MPW). National title issued by PERCASI (All Indonesian Chess Association).List of chess players
Indonesia currently has seven chess player who holds a Grandmaster (GM), namely:
Utut Adianto
Edhi Handoko (Deceased)
Intelligent Barus
Ruben Gunawan (Deceased)
Ardiansyah
Susanto Megaranto (youngest Grandmaster)
Herman Suradiradja (first Grandmaster)
Moderate chess player who holds a Master's International (MI), among others:
Danny Juswanto (Norma GM)
Dede Liu
Fate Ginting
Salor Sitanggang
Ivan Situru
Irwanto Sadikin
Ir. Tirto (Norma GM)
Taufik Halay
Ronny Gunawan (Norma GM)
Andi Supardi Suhendra
Tirta Chandra Purnama
Bobby Kurniawan
Who holds a Master FIDE (MF) currently include:
Hamdani Rudin
Layman Wahono
Anjas Novita
Nurdin Askali
Kifli Tunasli
Sharif Mahmud
Kasmiran
Benny Killeng
Maksum Paradise
Khairul Anam
Who holds a Grand Master Women (GMW) is currently: Irene Kharisma Sukandar
Who holds a Master of International Women (MIW) currently include:
Upi Darmayana Tamin
Lindri June Wijayanti
Lisa Karlina Lumongdong
Maria Ratna Lucia (inactive)
Who holds a Master of the FIDE Women's (WMF) currently include: Goddess AA Image
Regulated international chess organization FIDE named.Chess rating
Every chess player has a value / score called chess rating. This chess rating is a number that describes the strength of a chess player. The higher the rating, the player is likely to grow stronger. Instead of the title, rating more effectively illustrates the power of a chess player. This rating is derived from chess victories in an official match. If a chess player wins with a stronger chess player, he gets more ratings. If he loses, the rating will be reduced according to the existing formula. FIDE rating list issued by the name of the international chess ELO rating for every 2 months. PERCASI being issued National Rating List (DRN) every 6 months (each January 1 and July 1).
ELO Rating of the World still held GM Gary Kasparov (Russia) in 2841. Currently Kasparov had resigned from the world of chess. Perched on rank 1 of the current FIDE list was GM Magnus Carlsen (Norway) in 2813. Followed by GM Veselin Topalov (Bulgaria) in 2812 ranked second.
Indonesia being the highest chess ELO Ratings today is GM Utut Adianto (2548) and both GM Susanto Megaranto (2527).
